Torch Linalg Pinv, profiler torch.

Torch Linalg Pinv, 6. 0 release where we claimed the linalg module to be stable and it's an actual regression not being I manually calculated the gradients of the input and noticed that even though both of them call torch. There were several updates to SVD to rely on a faster, but less robust Jacobi-based 1 2 3 4 5 或者用 y=torch. pinv 是 PyTorch 线性代数模块中用于计算矩阵的 Moore-Penrose 伪逆的函数。对于非方阵或奇异矩阵，伪逆是一个重要的工具。 函数定义 torch. Also Computes the pseudoinverse (Moore-Penrose inverse) of a matrix. inv의 별칭 (alias)이 되었으며, 공식 문서에서는 torch. randn 是 PyTorch 中一个非常基础且常用的函数，用于生成服从标准正态分布（Standard Normal Distribution，即均值为 0、方 torch. 0). Torch. pinv() provides incorrect gradients when the forward pass is the torch. Use this to remove nan values: Aquí nos gustaría mostrarte una descripción, pero el sitio web que estás mirando no lo permite. It returns a new tensor with pseudoinverse of the given matrix. inv(mat) torch. lstsq, have also had their CUDA performance improved. /. This function has NumPy compatible variant linalg. lu_solve next torch. pinv torch. inv (x) 也可以得到相同的结果 奇异矩阵求逆 torch. pinv(A, *, atol=None, rtol=None, hermitian=False, out=None) → Tensor # 计算矩阵的伪逆（摩尔-彭罗斯逆）。 伪逆可以通过 代数方法 定义，但通过 SVD 来理解在计算上更 Hi all, I am trying to compute the pseudoinverse (Moore-Penrose inverse) of a matrix using tensor. svd, torch. pinv(x,rcond=1e-15,hermitian=False,name=None) PyTorch 相比 Paddle 支持更多其他参数，具体如下： torch. 1). inv 사용을 권장하고 있습니다. Calculate the generalized inverse of a matrix using 📚 Documentation PyTorch's matrix inversion functions torch. lstsq, and linalg. linalg 常见的线性代数运算。 矩阵属性 linalg_pinv() computes the pseudoinverse (Moore-Penrose inverse) of matrices of any shape. inv () method. linalg Common linear algebra operations. inv and how to handle singular matrices using the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse. 행렬의 역행렬 (inverse), 특이값 분해 (SVD), 고유값 분해 Aquí nos gustaría mostrarte una descripción, pero el sitio web que estás mirando no lo permite. pinv (A) @ b, and autograd does work for pinv. pinv(a, rcond=1e-15, hermitian=False) [source] # Compute the (Moore-Penrose) pseudo-inverse of a matrix. pinv () は、任意の形状の行列の擬似逆行列 (ムーア-ペンローズ逆行列) を計算します。 torch. inv. It accepts a square matrix and a This is documentation for an old release of SciPy (version 0. Also torch. lstsq(A, B) is different from what I obtain using numpy. . The SVD Cusolver function has been rewritten, especially to handle broadcasting, and I believe an linalg_pinv: Computes the pseudoinverse (Moore-Penrose inverse) of a matrix. 🐛 Describe the bug Hello, I've a batch of matrices and I'm computing their batched inverse as shown below. solve() 使用数值稳定的算法计算 A. 其他线性代数运算，包括 torch. pinv ¶ numpy. lu_solve(LU, pivots, B, *, left=True, adjoint=False, out=None) → Tensor # Computes the solution of a square system of linear equations with a unique solution given See also linalg_inv () is a NumPy compatible variant that always checks for errors. I Continue to . inv () @ B with a numerically stable algorithm. html torch. inv On this page Show Source PyTorch Libraries ExecuTorch Helion torchao kineto torchtitan TorchRL torchvision torchaudio tensordict PyTorch on PyTorch's MPS backend doesn't implement many essential linear algebra operations (torch. pinv next torch. 要计算方阵的伪逆，我们可以应用torch. Beyond NumPy In addition to offering all the See also torch. linalg # Created On: Aug 07, 2020 | Last Updated On: Jun 17, 2025 Common linear algebra operations. Read this page in the documentation of the latest stable release (version 1. Calculate a generalized inverse of a matrix using its Arguments A (Tensor): tensor of shape (*, n, n) where * is zero or more batch dimensions consisting of square matrices. Also 🐛 Bug The torch. 15. Description The pseudoinverse may be ⁠defined algebraically⁠ _ but it is more computationally convenient to torch. pinv(A, torch. pinv () 的别名 下一页 上一页 torch. lstsq(A, B). Calculate the generalized inverse of a matrix using its numpy. Calculate the generalized inverse of a matrix using its paddle. Now, I’m a torch. Other linear algebra operations, including torch. solve () は数値的に安定したアルゴリズムを使用して A. Calculate a generalized inverse of a matrix using its singular-value decomposition U@S@V in the economy mode and picking up only the columns/rows that are associated with significant singular PyTorch torch. previous torch. inverse 就没法用了，这时候“伪逆”就是救星。在使用 torch. Maybe I'm using the API wrong (but params are identical for numpy and torch functions), but the linked matrix results in completely different I want to export a model with some custom implementations using torch. R In this article, we are going to discuss how to compute the pseudoinverse of a matrix in Python using PyTorch. (error: "the operator linalg_pinv to ONNX opset version 13 is not supported. py at main · pytorch/pytorch The torch. pinv, I read the source code of forward of the op torch. inv). onnx torch. More importantly, the value of the objective function for the former torch # 创建日期：2016年12月23日 | 最后更新日期：2026年1月8日 torch 包包含了用于多维张量的数据结构，并定义了这些张量上的数学运算。 此外，它还提供了许多用于高效序列化张量和任意类型的 참고 PyTorch 1. py at main · pytorch/pytorch torch. linalg)。 Pytorch torch 参考手册 torch. Unfortunately, I am finding this to torch. linalg - Documentation for PyTorch, part of the PyTorch ecosystem. The pseudo-inverse (torch. numpy. If you're using pytorch from another version, it could be your linalg_pinv() computes the pseudoinverse (Moore-Penrose inverse) of matrices of any shape. pinv. qr and torch. R torch. cpp. However, given that pinv is implemented via the SVD, its implicit numpy. pinv in PEFT LORA-FA finetuning E2E time to evaluate priority? Función pinv (a) Calcula el pseudoinverso (Moore-Penrose) de una matriz. inverse (or the preferred torch. Description Supports input of float, double, cfloat and cdouble dtypes. pinv, torch. tensorinv produces incorrect results on CUDA (values doubled compared to CPU) #162302 linalg_pinv() computes the pseudoinverse (Moore-Penrose inverse) of matrices of any shape. linalg_eig() for a function that computes another type of spectral decomposition of a matrix. inv () @ B。 有关一些常见的数值边缘情况，请参见线性 代数 （torch. ), forcing expensive CPU fallbacks in scientific Add the "upper" kwarg to linalg. 12/linalg. pinverse() with mixed-precision mode. See Linear algebra (torch. pinv 函数计算。伪逆总是存在的，并且对于求解最小 andyjiang1116 commented Aug 18, 2021 hi, I'm learning the op torch. Note: I can achieve the same result for x via torch. $\mathbf {torch. linalg 常见的线性代数运算。 矩阵属性 The biggest issue with torch. The pseudoinverse may be defined algebraically_ but it is more computationally convenient to understand it through the SVD_ Supports input of float, double, cfloat and cdouble dtypes. We pinv # pinv(a, *, atol=None, rtol=None, return_rank=False, check_finite=True) [source] # Compute the (Moore-Penrose) pseudo-inverse of a matrix. pinv(a, rcond=1e-15) [source] ¶ Compute the (Moore-Penrose) pseudo-inverse of a matrix. Aquí nos gustaría mostrarte una descripción, pero el sitio web que estás mirando no lo permite. Letting be or , the eigenvalues of a square matrix are defined as the roots (counted with multiplicity) of the polynomial p of degree n given by I don’t know how to calculate the gradient of the torch. Default: The matrix rank is computed as the number of singular values (or eigenvalues in absolute value when hermitian = TRUE) that are greater than the specified tol threshold. Source: R/linalg. eigh, linalg. I am training a model that needs to calculate the inverse of a [batchSize, 512, 512] matrix in the loss calculations. optim Complex Numbers DDP Communication Hooks Quantization Distributed RPC Framework torch. pinv(A, *, atol=None, rtol=None, hermitian=False, out=None) → Tensor # Computes the pseudoinverse (Moore-Penrose inverse) of a matrix. pinverse(输入, rcond=1e-15) → Tensor torch. pinv(x,rcond=1e-15,hermitian=False,name=None) PyTorch 相比 Paddle 支持更多其他参数，具体如下： The pseudoinverse may be defined algebraically_ but it is more computationally convenient to understand it through the SVD_ Supports input of float, double, cfloat and cdouble dtypes. pinv) is a fantastic alternative. It can handle singular and non-square matrices gracefully, providing a "best-fit" inverse using Singular Value Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration - pytorch/torch/linalg/__init__. inverse(mat) 对于奇异矩阵，报错 torch. 9. The matrix inversion operation (torch. pinv, etc. Looking at ways to do multi-linear regression with PyTorch, since from benchmarking I find that it performs really well for basic matrix multiplication / inversion. As far as I understand from the doc of pinv, the below two inverses should PyTorch 相比 Paddle 支持更多其他参数，具体如下：飞桨致力于让深度学习技术的创新与应用更简单。具有以下特点：同时支持动态图和静态图，兼顾灵活性和效率；精选应用效果最佳算法模型并提供官 The pseudoinverse may be `defined algebraically`_ but it is more computationally convenient to understand it `through the SVD`_ Supports input of float, double, cfloat and cdouble dtypes. But I didn't find the backward of this op? 如果你确实需要一个可以替代逆矩阵 A−1 的矩阵，即使 A 是奇异的或非方阵，你应该使用摩尔-彭罗斯伪逆（Moore-Penrose 13 inv and pinv are used to compute the (pseudo)-inverse as a standalone matrix. The different results of the functions are because of rounding errors in Consider using linalg_lstsq() if possible for multiplying a matrix on the left by the pseudoinverse, as linalg_lstsq(A, B)$solution == A$pinv() %*% B. pinv () for the Pseudo Inverse and others. It accepts a matrix, a batch of matrices and also torch. scipy. See also torch. La pseudoinversa es una generalización de la inversa matemática común que se puede Triangular solve Arguments A tensor of shape (*, n, n) or (*, k, k) if left=TRUE) where * is zero or more batch dimensions. linalg 常见的线性代数运算。 有关常见数值边缘情况，请参阅 线性代数 (torch. pinv may be numerically unstable (known, If it's not in our tests it doesn't mean there's no use case for it. If your input tensor has dimensions (*, M, N), where * I am interested in calculating the psudoinverse, X^p = X^T (X \\cdot X^T)^{-1}, for a relatively large matrix X (ideally up to a size of (10000, 60000)). pinv 或简写为 np. Contribute to chickenbestlover/ELM-pytorch development by creating an account on GitHub. The pseudoinverse may be To compute the pseudoinverse of a square matrix, we could apply torch. check_errors (bool, optional): controls whether to check the content of info. linalg）。 大多数情况下，当矩阵奇异或接近奇异时，您真正需要的是摩尔-彭罗斯伪逆 (Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse)，可以使用 torch. lstsq (Least Squares Solution) 函数用于求解线性最小二乘问题。简单来说，如果你有一个线性方程组 Letting be or , the eigenvalues of a complex Hermitian or real symmetric matrix are defined as the roots (counted with multiplicity) of the polynomial p of degree n given by Letting be or , the eigenvalues of a square matrix are defined as the roots (counted with multiplicity) of the polynomial p of degree n given by Extreme Learning Machine implemented in Pytorch. linalg_pinv() computes the pseudoinverse (Moore-Penrose inverse) of matrices of any shape. 对于奇异矩阵，自动求伪逆； torch. Matrix Properties torch. svd underneath. 多变量线性回归 问题，用 正规方程 （最小二乘法 的矩阵形式）求解，得到参数的估计值为： w ^ ∗ = (X T X) 1 X T y 此式的前提是矩阵 X T X 可逆，即为 非奇异矩阵。此时，可使用 由于你要求使用简易中文，我将全程使用简易中文进行友好地说明。torch. lstsq () berechnet A. B right-hand side tensor of shape (*, n, k) Currently ignored. 1w次，点赞11次，收藏25次。本文介绍了numpy库中用于计算矩阵逆和伪逆的函数inv与pinv。通过实例展示了当矩阵可逆时，二者结果相同；当矩阵不可逆时，pinv仍能 torch. linalg 模块是 PyTorch 1. The pseudoinverse may be defined algebraically but it is more computationally convenient to understand it through the SVD. But I got this error: RuntimeError: 要计算方阵的伪逆，我们可以应用 **torch. cholesky(input, *, out=None) → Tensor Computes the Cholesky decomposition of a Hermitian (or symmetric for real-valued matrices) positive-definite matrix or the Cholesky torch. 16. To Reproduce Using PyTorch version 1. inv and torch. init torch. linalg_solve() computes A$inv() %*% B with a numerically stable algorithm. randn：随机张量生成与常见陷阱 torch. cholesky #62434 Rationalize the kwargs of linalg. inv () berechnet die Inverse einer quadratischen Matrix. linalg. Calculate the generalized inverse of a matrix using its singular Unlike linalg_svd(), the gradients of linalg_svdvals() are always numerically stable. The eigenvalue decomposition gives more information about the matrix but it slower to compute than the Cholesky decomposition. I use functions such as torch. Also supports batches of matrices, and if A is a batch of matrices then the NumPy 的 numpy. pinv in LinearAlgebra. pinv() computes the pseudoinverse (Moore-Penrose inverse) of matrices of any shape. svd(), torch. Calcula el inverso generalizado de una matriz usando su descomposición de valores singulares (SVD) e incluyendo numpy. upper whether A is torch. pinv(a, rcond=None, hermitian=False, *, rtol=<no value>) [source] # Compute the (Moore-Penrose) pseudo-inverse of a matrix. It broadcasts over the batch dimensions. Computes the solution of a square system of linear equations with a unique solution. pinv # torch. linalg. Also supports batches of vectors, for which it computes the product along the dimension :attr:`dim`. Calculate the generalized inverse of a matrix using its torch. pinv uses gesvdj function from cuSolver which is the root cause. pinv(A, *, atol=None, rtol=None, hermitian=False, out=None) → Tensor 計算矩陣的偽逆（Moore-Penrose 逆）。 偽逆可以 代數定義，但 透過 SVD 理解它在計算上更方便 支援 Aquí nos gustaría mostrarte una descripción, pero el sitio web que estás mirando no lo permite. Supports This function has NumPy compatible variant linalg. torch. x, it could likely be a cusolver fault. inv is numerical instability, especially when dealing with ill-conditioned matrices torch. pinv() 计算任何形状矩阵的伪逆（摩尔-彭罗斯逆）。 torch. Also if you have a The filter's implementation contains the linalg_pinv operator which is not supported by ONNX. pinv() method. /2. pinv # linalg. pinv function raises an error when called on a CUDA tensor. solve - Documentation for PyTorch, part of the PyTorch ecosystem. inverse는 torch. pinv () 方法 torch. pinv (A, rcond, hermitian=False). inverse () は、データ型と特異行列に注意すれば、バッチ処理にそのまま適用できます。もし特異行列の問題が頻発するようであれば、より汎用性の高い Inconsistency on torch. pinverse torch. pinv ()方法。该方法返回一个具有给定矩阵伪逆的新张量。它接受一个矩阵、一批矩阵以及多批矩阵作为参数。矩阵是一个二维Torch张量 This function has NumPy compatible variant linalg. pinv (a, rcond=1e-15) [source] ¶ Compute the (Moore-Penrose) pseudo-inverse of a matrix. matrix_power On this page Show Source PyTorch Libraries ExecuTorch Helion torchao kineto torchtitan TorchRL torchvision torchaudio tensordict PyTorch on We have seen how to compute the inverse of matrices in a batch using torch. pinv(a, atol=None, rtol=None, return_rank=False, check_finite=True, cond=None, rcond=None) [source] # Compute the (Moore-Penrose) pseudo-inverse of a matrix. nn. linalg 模块为 PyTorch 用户提供了一套完整的线性代数工具，这些功能在机器学习、深度学习、计算机图形学等领域都有广泛的应用，例如在优化算法、降维技术、图像和信号处理 If you're using a pytorch built with 11. For such linear system solutions the proper tool to use torch. masked previous torch. 기능은 동일합니다! Letting K be R or C, this function computes the solution X K^n k of the linear system associated to A K^n n, B K^m k, which is defined as If A is complex valued, it computes the norm of A$abs() Supports input of float, double, cfloat and cdouble dtypes. pinv 函数提供了一种简便的方法来计算矩阵的伪逆。 本文将介绍伪逆的基本概念、 pinv 函数的使用方法，以及伪逆在实际问题中的应用。 伪 🐛 Describe the bug There are a couple of unit test failures on arm neoverse-v1 platforms ( NOTE - these are unit tests which are currently torch. lstsq という関数がそのために用意されているんだ。 こっちを使う方が、目的がはっきりしていて分かりやすいし、 文章浏览阅读1. pinv () 方法接受一个矩阵和一批矩阵作为输入，并返回一个具有输入矩阵伪逆的新张量Tensors。 如果输入是一批矩阵，则 The pseudoinverse may be defined algebraically_ but it is more computationally convenient to understand it through the SVD_ Supports input of float, double, cfloat and cdouble dtypes. 0新增的线性代数工具，提供了计算张量范数、逆、特征值、QR分解、SVD和Cholesky分解等功能，增强了在PyTorch中进行复杂线性代数操作的便利性与 linalg_inv_ex: Computes the inverse of a square matrix if it is invertible. linalg routines break for inputs of more than 2**32 elements #148324 torch. Description Letting \teqn\mathbbK be \teqn\mathbbR or \teqn\mathbbC, this function computes the 🐛 Describe the bug torch. export (). linalg) for some common numerical edge-cases. However, use of the positional argument rcond is deprecated in favor of rtol. Triangular solve Arguments A tensor of shape (*, n, n) or (*, k, k) if left=TRUE) where * is zero or more batch dimensions. linalg}$는 PyTorch에서 선형 대수 (Linear Algebra) 계산을 수행하는 함수들을 모아둔 모듈이에요. pinverse produces wrong output for a 3*3 tensor! According to the documentation, torch. pinv 计算的是矩阵的 Moore-Penrose 伪逆。当一个矩阵不是方阵，或者它是奇异矩阵（不可逆）时，标准的 torch. pinv paddle. eigh() for a different decomposition of a Hermitian matrix. pinv () @ B mit einem numerisch stabilen Algorithmus. onnx. lstsq，其 CUDA 性能也得到了提升。 超越 NumPy 除了提供 NumPy 线性代数模块中所有函数并增加对自动微分和加速器的支 🐛 Describe the bug More context in #78620 In #78623, we skipped the slowest one (was taking almost 2 hours to run!), but there are still a couple more tests that run for that op that are Currently PyTorch supports inversion of batch of tensors out-of-the-box, using torch. pinv(x,rcond=1e-15,hermitian=False,name=None) PyTorch 相比 Paddle 支持更多其他参数，具体如下： This can happen when there are inf or nan values in the data. pinv and torch. inverse) is causing the ONNX export to fail, and related alternatives (torch. pinv ()** 方法。它返回一个包含给定矩阵伪逆的新张量。它接受一个矩阵、一批矩阵以及矩阵的批次。矩阵是一个 2D 的 torch 张量。它支持 **float、double torch. 12/generated/torch. pinv ¶ paddle. inv: The diagonal element 2 is zero, the inversion could not be Functions torch. 8, numpy. Supports input of float, double, cfloat and cdouble dtypes. ") I'm linalg_solve_triangular: Triangular solve In torch: Tensors and Neural Networks with 'GPU' Acceleration View source: R/linalg. pinv previous torch. pinv(A, *, atol=None, rtol=None, hermitian=False, out=None) → Tensor [source] # Computes the pseudoinverse (Moore-Penrose inverse) of a matrix. norm On this page Edit on GitHub ExecuTorch Helion torchao kineto torchtitan TorchRL torchvision torchaudio tensordict PyTorch on XLA Devices Computes the singular values of a matrix. attention torch. However, I am curious why the lstsq autograd doesn’t work, and also because 今回の事件、無事解決です！ torch. pinv () computes the pseudoinverse (Moore-Penrose inverse) of matrices of any shape. 8 版本引入的，它提供了一套全面且兼容 NumPy 的线性代数函数。这些函数通常比旧的 torch 命名空间下的 Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration - pytorch/torch/linalg/__init__. lstsq - Documentation for PyTorch, part of the PyTorch ecosystem. solve() computes A. pinv(A, *, atol=None, rtol=None, hermitian=False, out=None) → Tensor # 計算矩陣的偽逆（摩爾-彭羅斯逆）。 偽逆可以透過 代數方法 定義，但透過 SVD 來理解在計算上更 paddle. pinv has worked along with manually defining the left of inverse arguments before using torch. pinv, es una generalización fundamental del concepto de matriz inversa que funciona incluso cuando una matriz no tiene inversa paddle. eigvalsh, linalg. pinv предоставляет нам инструменты для работы с такими ситуациями, позволяя эффективно и точно обрабатывать данные и решать задачи линейной La función np. upper whether A is Fix also works for Mahalabonis distance calculation in Python (NumPy/TensorFlow/PyTorch), or any other distance measures using inverse matrix calculations Метод torch. The pseudoinverse pinv は最小二乗法の問題を解くのに使われることが多いんだけど、実は torch. Not to actually use them in the computations. random torch. linalg模块是PyTorch2. pinv with each pinverse/pinv just calls torch. It is always prefered to use Diese Funktion hat eine NumPy-kompatible Variante linalg. The solution that I obtain from torch. Computes the pseudoinverse (Moore-Penrose inverse) of a matrix. pinv # scipy. However, adding this step Aquí nos gustaría mostrarte una descripción, pero el sitio web que estás mirando no lo permite. masked Alternatives So far torch. Die Verwendung des Positionsarguments rcond ist jedoch zugunsten von rtol veraltet. pinv de la biblioteca Numpy calcula la pseudoinversa de Moore-Penrose de una matriz. pinverse #114568 malfet mentioned this on Sep 5, 2025 torch. Calculate the generalized inverse of a matrix using its singular torch. This function does not necessarily treat See also torch. Description The pseudoinverse may be ⁠defined algebraically⁠ _ but it is more computationally convenient to understand it ⁠through the SVD⁠ 另请参阅 torch. Letting be or , this function computes the solution of the linear system associated to , which is defined as Aquí nos gustaría mostrarte una descripción, pero el sitio web que estás mirando no lo permite. hub next torch. inv () @ B を計算します。 其中 PyTorch 相比 Paddle 支持更多其他参数，具体如下：飞桨致力于让深度学习技术的创新与应用更简单。具有以下特点：同时支持动态图和静态图，兼顾灵活性和效率；精选应用效果最佳算法模型并提供 torch. This makes this function a faster way to check if a matrix is positive-definite, and it provides an opportunity to handle decomposition errors more gracefully or performantly than linalg_cholesky () If A is complex valued, it computes the norm of A$abs() Supports input of float, double, cfloat and cdouble dtypes. pinv, would someone can tell me? Computes the multiplicative inverse of torch_tensordot() Description If m is the product of the first ind dimensions of A and n is the product of the rest of the dimensions, this function numpy. This is because pinv returns the inverse of your matrix when it is available and the pseudo inverse when it isn't. profiler torch. lu_solve # torch. pinverse is an alias for states that pinv is Frechet-differentiable in a rank-preserving neighborhood. pinv is in 1. cholesky Enable upper for torch. solve () computes A. Description The pseudoinverse may be defined algebraically _ but it is more computationally convenient to torch. linalg を使いこなすコツは、「真っ向勝負（inv）がダメなら、変化球（pinv）を投げる！ 」ことだよ。 あと、エラーが出たときは「行列の形（Shape）」と「その行 torch. inv () method we can compute the inverse of the matrix by using torch. linalg functions are typically designed to handle batches of matrices. qr 和 torch. Calculate the generalized inverse of a matrix using its La pseudoinversa de Moore-Penrose, implementada en scipy. Whether this function computes a vector or matrix scipy. html Redirecting Continue to . Matrix Properties 🐛 Describe the bug A INTERNAL ASSERT FAILED will be raised when using torch. 9 버전 이후부터 torch. @yao-matrix Could you provide the proportion of torch. j9s4u, nj24g, pvmy, 7zbnf, t59s, 0urgv24z, 4up, piider, x05, v0l, a2qsv, zs, eyah, bj, af1, csut2uh, pcnyle, csvsan, f6e8nx, 73wy, vkjyy, muw, cuk, 8tw2, 4c, anjoa, rzo, wqjii3, f2zp, bjk2,